New Terms - Kingdom Animalia - Vertebrates

Vertebrata - 		Subphylum which includes: lamprey, sharks, trout, frogs, turtles, birds,
and humans.
Agnatha - 		literally means without jaws; jawless cartilaginous animals 
Chondrichthyes - 	literally means cartilaginous fish; the sharks and rays
Osteichthyes - 	literally means bony fish; the tuna, trout, perch, and marlin
Amphibia - 		literally means two lives; the frogs, toads, and salamanders
Reptilia - 		animals that produce an amniotic egg and are cold-blooded; the snakes,
lizards, turtles, and crocodiles.
Aves - 			have feathers, adapted limbs as wings; the birds
Mammalia - 		have mammary glands that secrete milk, have hair, most bear live
young; humans, whales, horses, bats.
endoskeleton - 	support system made of the skull and vertebral column; may be made of
bone or cartilage.
closed circulatory system - refers to the system in which blood is pumped via a ventral heart
into arteries that carry it to the rest of the body.
cartilage - 		flexible skeletal tissue
oviparous - 		describes animals that lay eggs and the embryo develops after the egg is
laid, like birds and reptiles.
viviparous - 		development of the young occurs inside the body, as with humans and
horses
ovoviviparous - 	the embryo develops inside an egg inside the mother, as in some sharks
lateral line system - 	a system of receptors found on fish and some amphibians that appears
as a line along the body of the animal that is used to detect vibrations.
swim bladder - 	a gas-containing sac that allows fish to ”float“ with little or no
movement
operculum - 		bony covering that protects the gills in bony fish
gills - 			specialized breathing organs in many vertebrates that diffuse oxygen
from water
fusiform - 		describes the tapered shape that sharks and fishes have - allowing them
to move through the water easily.
ectothermic - 		cold-blooded
amniotic egg - 	a shelled egg with self contained fluid that provides a moist
environment for embryos to develop, enabling vertebrates to complete
their adaptation to land.
Squamata - 		reptiles that include the snakes and lizards
Chelonia - 		reptiles that include the turtles
Crocodilia - 		reptiles that include the crocodiles
homeothermic - 	describes being able to maintain a constant body temperature
endothermic - 	warm-blooded
gizzard - 		digestive organ in birds where food is ground and is found near the
stomach
diaphragm - 		a sheet of muscle in mammals that helps ventilate the lungs
monotremes - 	egg laying mammals; the platypus
marsupials - 		animals that have a maternal pouch where young are further developed;
the kangaroo.
placental mammals - mammals that have young that develop in the uterus; humans
mammary glands - 	a gland present in female mammals that produces milk